Loneliness becomes more prevalent as youth transition from childhood into adolescence. A key underlying process may be the puberty-related increase in biological stress reactivity, which can alter social behavior and elicit conflict or social withdrawal (fight-or-flight behaviors) in some youth, but increase prosocial (tend-and-befriend) responses…

This handbook offers comprehensive coverage of the topics that are relevant to the field of adolescent and young adult development. The "APA Handbook of Adolescent and Young Adult Development" reviews the many factors that impact youth development across varying themes including biological underpinnings, cognitive and emotive processes,…

Socialization is the process of learning to be a human being that is born with the potential to be human. In this process, the person learns the basic values and norms of the society in which he lives, as well as the skills necessary to sustain his life. This learning takes place through parents, siblings, relatives, neighbors, peers, teachers,…