Individual differences in identity development are commonly captured by identity statuses, representing combinations of high and/or low scores on identity exploration and commitment processes. Although identity impairment is considered a potential diagnostic criterion of all personality disorders (PDs) in Section III of DSM-5, studies that relate…

Background: Borderline personality symptoms include emotional dysregulation, high levels of impulsivity leading to self-harm and suicidality, an unstable sense of self, fears of abandonment, extremely turbulent relationships, and psychic pain. They are considered to disrupt normative adolescent development however their unique contribution to…