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Assessing the Speaking Proficiency of L2 Chinese Learners: Review of the Hanyu Shuiping Kouyu Kaoshi
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Li, Albert W. – Language Testing, 2023
The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) is a multi-level, multi-purpose Chinese proficiency test developed by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation (previously the Office of Chinese Language Council International and, henceforth, referred to by its colloquial name "Hanban"). It assesses reading, writing, and listening skills of…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Language Proficiency, Chinese, Second Language Learning
Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK): A Multi-Level, Multi-Purpose Proficiency Test
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Peng, Yue; Yan, Wei; Cheng, Liying – Language Testing, 2021
This test review focuses on the current version (2009) of [Chinese characters omitted] (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi), literally translated as the Chinese Language Proficiency Test and abbreviated as HSK. Tailored to non-native speakers of the Chinese language, this test consists of six proficiency levels (Levels 1 and 2 as beginners, Levels 3 and 4 as…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Chinese, Decision Making
Evaluating the Modified-Shortened Token Test as a Working Memory and Language Assessment Tool
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Pham, Theresa; Bardell, Taylor E.; Vollebregt, Meghan; Kuiack, Alyssa K.; Archibald, Lisa M. D. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: Working memory and linguistic knowledge are highly intertwined in language tasks. Verbal working memory in particular has been studied as a potential constraint on language performance. This, in turn, highlights the need for a clinical assessment tool that will assist clinicians in understanding individual children's performance in…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Language Tests, Preschool Children, Verbal Ability
Design Framework for the "TOEFL® Essentials"™ Test 2021. Research Memorandum. ETS RM-21-03
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Papageorgiou, Spiros; Davis, Larry; Norris, John M.; Garcia Gomez, Pablo; Manna, Venessa F.; Monfils, Lora – Educational Testing Service, 2021
The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test is a new English language proficiency test in the "TOEFL"® family of assessments. It measures foundational language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. The test covers the four language skills of reading, listening, writing, and speaking and is intended…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
Slogans as a Policy Distractor: A Case of 'Washback' Discourse in English Language Testing Reforms in Japan
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Takunori Terasawa; So Sudo; Takeshi Kajigaya; Ryosuke Aoyama; Ryuko Kubota – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2025
This paper examines recent reforms in English-language testing in Japan using a policy distraction framework. We identify the term 'washback (effect)' and other related discourses as major distractors and investigate how 'washback' discourses have functioned as political slogans or catchphrases in policy deliberation processes and how they have…
Descriptors: Testing Problems, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Core Academic Language Skills: Validating a Construct in Linguistically Dissimilar Settings
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MacFarlane, Marco; Barr, Christopher; Uccelli, Paola – Language Learning Journal, 2022
Recently a novel instrument -- the Core Academic Language Instrument (CALS-I) -- aimed at testing a constellation of school-relevant English language skills was developed and validated for use in the United States (Uccelli, Barr, Dobbs, Galloway, Meneses and Sánchez, 2015. Core Academic Language Skills: An expanded operational construct and a…
Descriptors: Construct Validity, Measures (Individuals), Academic Language, Foreign Countries