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Direct linkGary A. Troia; Frank R. Lawrence; Julie S. Brehmer; Kaitlin Glause; Heather L. Reichmuth – Grantee Submission, 2023
Much of the research that has examined the writing knowledge of school-age students has relied on interviews to ascertain this information, which is problematic because interviews may underestimate breadth and depth of writing knowledge, require lengthy interactions with participants, and do not permit a direct evaluation of a prescribed array of…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Writing Evaluation, Knowledge Level, Elementary School Students
Choi, Ikkyu; Hao, Jiangang; Deane, Paul; Zhang, Mo – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
"Biometrics" are physical or behavioral human characteristics that can be used to identify a person. It is widely known that keystroke or typing dynamics for short, fixed texts (e.g., passwords) could serve as a behavioral biometric. In this study, we investigate whether keystroke data from essay responses can lead to a reliable…
Descriptors: Accuracy, High Stakes Tests, Writing Tests, Benchmarking
