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Marta Lockiewicz; Natalia Barzowska – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
This paper presents the adaptation of the POMAS classification of spelling errors (Silliman et al., Developmental Neuropsychology 29:93-123, 2006, Bahr et al., Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research 55:1587-1599, 2012; International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 18:73-91, 2015) to Polish orthography. We identified the…
Descriptors: Spelling, Error Patterns, Polish, Elementary School Students
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Lilly Metom; Su-Hie Ting – Language Documentation & Conservation, 2024
The Iban language of Sarawak is an indigenous language that has an orthography and has been taught as a subject in Malaysian schools since 1968. However, no findings are available on whether Iban is used for written and formal communication. This study examined the extent of the formal use of Iban among the Iban community. Questionnaire data from…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Malayo Polynesian Languages, Indigenous Populations, Language Usage
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Hong, Jon-Chao; Lin, Chien-hung; Tsai, Ya-hsun; Tai, Kai-Hsin – Language Learning Journal, 2023
This study explores the relationship between the experience of confusion and the outcomes of Chinese character learning by learners of Chinese as a heritage language (CHL). Based on the claim that impasses triggering confusion can lead to deeper learning of conceptually difficult material, the study employed three impasse-driven tasks. The tasks…
Descriptors: Chinese, Orthographic Symbols, Heritage Education, Native Language Instruction
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Schreyer, Christine; Wagner, John – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2022
Since independence in 1975, Papua New Guinea, the most linguistically diverse country in the world, has had both unofficial and official policies of mother-tongue education. However, limited resources and support for mother-tongue education has led communities to incorporate bottom-up language planning as well. In particular, this paper examines…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Language Maintenance, Language Skill Attrition, Rural Areas
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Jiazhou Yao; Marianne Turner; Gary Bonar – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In order to distinguish between language-related ideologies, Ruiz (1984) proposed three language orientations, namely 'language-as-problem', 'language-as-right' and 'language-as-resource'. Although this typology has been applied to various countries and regions around the globe, relevant research in China, a multi-ethnolinguistic country, remains…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Ethnic Groups, Language Minorities, Literacy
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Karatsareas, Petros – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
I explore the ways in which language ideologies are transformed when they are transplanted to diasporic settings as a result of migration. I examine the labelling of Cypriot Greek features as "slang" by young British-born speakers of Greek Cypriot heritage. Drawing on the analysis of data collected in a Greek complementary school in…
Descriptors: Greek, Nonstandard Dialects, Foreign Countries, Immigration