Increase in short-term programs is one of the biggest shifts in study abroad over the past twenty years. With prior research in this area showing many positive but also mixed impacts, skepticism persists about the ability of short-term study abroad to change students' views on cultural differences. The aim of this study is to characterize if and…

Professional experience is viewed by governments, schools, universities and pre-service teachers as a crucial, and for some, the most important element of initial teacher education. Pre-service teachers (PSTs) consistently cite time in schools as the most valuable part of their teacher education programme. High-quality professional experience…