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Follmer, D. Jake; Li, Ping; Clariana, Roy – Reading Psychology, 2021
In this investigation, we examine the contribution of intrinsic content density (ICD) to measures of expository text processing. In Studies 1 and 2, the factor structure of select text density metrics was examined and refined using two text samples (Ns = 150) randomly selected from an expository text corpus. Scores on the ICD measure based on the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Expository Writing, Factor Structure, Readability
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Doewes, Afrizal; Saxena, Akrati; Pei, Yulong; Pechenizkiy, Mykola – International Educational Data Mining Society, 2022
In Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems, many previous works have studied group fairness using the demographic features of essay writers. However, individual fairness also plays an important role in fair evaluation and has not been yet explored. Initialized by Dwork et al., the fundamental concept of individual fairness is "similar people…
Descriptors: Scoring, Essays, Writing Evaluation, Comparative Analysis