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Dahlia K. Remler; Gregg G. Van Ryzin – American Journal of Evaluation, 2025
This article reviews the origins and use of the terms quasi-experiment and natural experiment. It demonstrates how the terms conflate whether variation in the independent variable of interest falls short of random with whether researchers find, rather than intervene to create, that variation. Using the lens of assignment--the process driving…
Descriptors: Quasiexperimental Design, Research Design, Experiments, Predictor Variables
Foster, Colin – International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2023
This paper introduces a simple, quotient effect size, termed (for 'quotient'), suitable for reporting on the effectiveness of educational interventions. The quotient effect size for a pre-test-post-test design is defined as the gain score (i.e. post-test minus pre-test) for the intervention group, divided by the gain score for the control group.…
Descriptors: Effect Size, Intervention, Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials
Andrew P. Jaciw – American Journal of Evaluation, 2025
By design, randomized experiments (XPs) rule out bias from confounded selection of participants into conditions. Quasi-experiments (QEs) are often considered second-best because they do not share this benefit. However, when results from XPs are used to generalize causal impacts, the benefit from unconfounded selection into conditions may be offset…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers, Generalization, Test Bias
Sam Sims; Jake Anders; Matthew Inglis; Hugues Lortie-Forgues; Ben Styles; Ben Weidmann – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2023
Over the last twenty years, education researchers have increasingly conducted randomised experiments with the goal of informing the decisions of educators and policymakers. Such experiments have generally employed broad, consequential, standardised outcome measures in the hope that this would allow decisionmakers to compare effectiveness of…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Research Methodology, Randomized Controlled Trials, Program Effectiveness
What Works Clearinghouse, 2021
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) identifies existing research on educational interventions, assesses the quality of the research, and summarizes and disseminates the evidence from studies that meet WWC standards. The WWC aims to provide enough information so educators can use the research to make informed decisions in their settings. This…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Intervention, Educational Research, Educational Quality
Wilhelmina van Dijk; Cynthia U. Norris; Sara A. Hart – Grantee Submission, 2022
Randomized control trials are considered the pinnacle for causal inference. In many cases, however, randomization of participants in social work research studies is not feasible or ethical. This paper introduces the co-twin control design study as an alternative quasi-experimental design to provide evidence of causal mechanisms when randomization…
Descriptors: Twins, Research Design, Randomized Controlled Trials, Quasiexperimental Design
What Works Clearinghouse, 2022
Education decisionmakers need access to the best evidence about the effectiveness of education interventions, including practices, products, programs, and policies. It can be difficult, time consuming, and costly to access and draw conclusions from relevant studies about the effectiveness of interventions. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC)…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Program Effectiveness, Standards, Educational Research
Timothy Lycurgus; Ben B. Hansen; Mark White – Grantee Submission, 2022
We present an aggregation scheme that increases power in randomized controlled trials and quasi-experiments when the intervention possesses a robust and well-articulated theory of change. Intervention studies using longitudinal data often include multiple observations on individuals, some of which may be more likely to manifest a treatment effect…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Quasiexperimental Design, Intervention
Mark Fredrickson; Ben B. Hansen – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
Context: Assessments of baseline equivalency of intervention and control groups, "balance," play a critical role in evaluating educational interventions. The highest What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) of the Institute of Educational Studies (IES) standard for educational studies, "Meets WWC Design Standards Without Reservations,"…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Experimental Groups, Control Groups, Intervention