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A Structural Equation Modeling of English Tests' Social and Educational Consequences: Exploring Target, Leverage, Risk, and Critical Variables
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Khosravani, Mahmood; Rostamian, Morteza; Ashraf, Hamid; Motallebzade, Khalil – Language Testing in Asia, 2022
Though the emergence of standardized testing promoted classical approaches such as summative achievement tests, it brought about serious criticisms regarding the stakes of these tests and their consequences on different dimensions of education. Exploring these consequences attracted researchers' attention in education. A mass of studies are…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning