The reliability of a test score is usually underestimated and the deflation may be profound, 0.40 - 0.60 units of reliability or 46 - 71%. Eight root sources of the deflation are discussed and quantified by a simulation with 1,440 real-world datasets: (1) errors in the measurement modelling, (2) inefficiency in the estimator of reliability within…

With limited budgets and increasing enrollment demands, colleges need fast, free, and practical solutions supporting academic success and retention. The Academic Reality Check (ARC) tool helps to predict traditional freshmen awareness of their own academic expectations in college quickly, supporting the financial investment being made by all…

Mathematical language (or the content-specific words in mathematics) has repeatedly shown to be related to mathematical abilities in preschool and in the early grades of primary education. Research in this field has predominantly focused on young children's quantitative and spatial language. At the same time, recent research has discovered that…

Recent years have seen a growing number of studies investigating the accuracy of nonprobability online panels; however, response quality in nonprobability online panels has not yet received much attention. To fill this gap, we investigate response quality in a comprehensive study of seven nonprobability online panels and three probability-based…

This study develops a theoretical model for the costs of an exam as a function of its duration. Two kind of costs are distinguished: (1) the costs of measurement errors and (2) the costs of the measurement. Both costs are expressed in time of the student. Based on a classical test theory model, enriched with assumptions on the context, the costs…

This study aimed to test the reliability of the Perceived Severity and Response to Bullies and Victims of Bullying Questionnaire (PSRBVBQ) for middle school teachers (N=322 teachers), using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. PSRBVBQ assesses teachers' responses to bullying using situational scenarios. It includes two vignettes…

Evaluating the effects of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on distance education applications in higher education is important for future practice. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine preservice mathematics teachers' conceptual-procedural knowledge level competencies and general thoughts about distance education in the…