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Download full textHongwei Yang; Müslim Alanoglu; Songül Karabatak; Jian Su; Kelly Bradley – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2025
This study developed and validated the Turkish version of the Self-Directed Online Learning Scale (SDOLS-T) for assessing students' perceptions of their self-directed learning (SDL) ability in an online environment. Specifically, this study conducted in two stages multiple categorical confirmatory factor analyses factoring in the ordered…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Factor Analysis, Translation, Student Attitudes
Ibrahim Kizil; Fatima Seyma Kizil; Bong Gee Jang – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2025
The global shift to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the resilience and efficiency of educational systems worldwide. This study investigated the factors influencing the effectiveness and resilience of distance education in elementary schools in Türkiye. Using a quantitative method, 100 elementary school teachers from…
Descriptors: Distance Education, Program Implementation, Program Effectiveness, Elementary Education
