Learning to read and spell involves learning about the written forms of words and how these are linked to language. Writing systems include formal patterns, which pertain to the appearance of written words, and functional patterns, which pertain to links between units of writing and units of language. We review the evidence that learners of a…

The practice of using ellipsis as a linguistic discourse technique is visible in the form of omitting segments of time. These segments represent a time frame in which the text discovered events and facts that did not affect the style of narration or the story's development. This study examined this time frame from the Qur'anic narratives to…

Little is known about how nonnative speakers process novel language patterns in the input they encounter. The present study examines whether nonnatives develop a sensitivity to novel binomials and their ordering preference from context. Thirty-nine nonnative speakers of English (L1 Arabic) read three short stories seeded with existing binomials…