The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the time traps teachers fall into during the teaching-learning process. The sample consists of 234 final-year students continuing their education at the Faculty of Education in the first implementation and 233 pedagogical formation students in the second implementation.…

Self-regulated learning has seen a large increase in research interest due to its importance for online learning of higher education students. Several ways to measure self-regulated learning have been suggested. However, most measurements are either obtrusive, necessitating time and effort from students and potentially influencing the learning…

This bibliometric article examines the current state of publication in the field of classroom assessment, exploring the productivity and influence of countries, institutions, and authors. A search query of on the Scopus database using the term "classroom assessment" or "classroom-based assessment" or "assessment for…

While generative artificial intelligence (AI) empowers students in their learning, it may also have the potential to undermine their learning agency. Understanding student learning agency in the generative AI-supported contexts (SLA-GAI) has become critical for educators. However, student learning agency is a domain-specific construct, current…

Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) is a well-established model for formative assessment, with optimization typically using expectation maximization, conjugate gradient descent, or brute force search. However, one of the flaws of existing optimization techniques for BKT models is convergence to undesirable local minima that negatively impact…

Self-regulated learning (SRL) encompasses cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational learning strategies and is highly relevant for academic achievement. Although students have mostly acquired high-level SRL strategy knowledge by the time they reach college, they often show deficiencies in their application of SRL strategies. In order to…

Evaluating students' cognitive understanding of core concepts and identifying learning path aligned with their cognitive developmental patterns are critical for enhancing conceptual mastery in chemistry. This study employed the Rule Space Model to investigate students' cognitive characteristics and learning path in comprehending the conceptual…

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the psychometric properties of the Learning Orientation Questionnaire (LOQ), which have not been previously published. Psychometric validation involves the accumulation of proper empirical evidence to confirm measurement of the intended construct, and to justify the intended uses of the…

Researchers across many fields have called for greater attention to heterogeneity of treatment effects--shifting focus from the average effect to variation in effects between different treatments, studies, or subgroups. True heterogeneity is important, but many reports of heterogeneity have proved to be false, non-replicable, or exaggerated. In…

The purpose of this study is to explore the learning measurement model of English comprehensive ability based on the background of educational informatization. With the rapid development of educational information technology, English education is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Under the background of information technology,…

Many workforce development training programmes use learning gains as a measure of programme effectiveness. However, research on K-12 education suggests that posttest scores may be influenced by pretesting effects. Pretesting may improve posttest performance by giving learners preknowledge of posttest content. Alternatively, pretesting may enhance…

Background: One area that has been dramatically changed by artificial intelligence (AI) is educational environments. Chatbots, Recommender Systems, Adaptive Learning Systems and Large Language Models have been emerging as practical tools for facilitating learning. However, using such tools appropriately is challenging. In this regard, the…

This paper probes into implicit language aptitude (LA), a set of cognitive abilities that showcase learners' unconscious, automatic second language (L2) attainment. Implicit LA is becoming an important part of aptitude research, and advances the understanding of L2 learning mechanism. This paper critiques the construct of implicit LA and proposes…

High-quality early childhood education provides children with opportunities for engaged learning. Yet there are currently no classroom-level measures that focus specifically on how teachers support engagement in the classroom, a key underlying dimension of playful learning. We introduce the Playful Learning Across the Years (PLAY) observational…

This research was motivated by several obstacles, including teachers in the learning process only focusing on thick textbooks and the student worksheets provided by the school were less interesting and effective. The aim of this research is to develop chart learning media based on Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) to improve…