This study explores how pre-service mathematics teachers' spatial visualisation skills evolved during a Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) based education. The study used the qualitative theory-testing case study method, which guided the identification of participants, the design of technology-supported education, and the data collection and analysis…

"Research Findings:" Pattern creation (PC) is creating a pattern unit based on children's own understanding of the concept of pattern, without being provided with a pattern unit as a reference, and the repetition of this pattern unit to create a complete structure. This study explored the performance and predictors of pattern creation…

Constructing a consensus problem space from extensive qualitative data for an ill-structured real-life problem and expressing the result to a broader audience is challenging. To effectively communicate a complex problem space, visualization of that problem space must elucidate inter-causal relationships among the problem variables. In this…

This study aimed to design, develop, and validate the RSiSTEM framework, a robotics-based simulation learning model intended to foster students' problem-solving and systems thinking competencies within STEM education. The research followed a two-phase developmental design. In Phase 1, the framework was constructed through a systematic synthesis of…