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Running out of Time: Leveraging Process Data to Identify Students Who May Benefit from Extended Time
Peer reviewed
Download full textBurhan Ogut; Ruhan Circi; Huade Huo; Juanita Hicks; Michelle Yin – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2025
This study explored the effectiveness of extended time (ET) accommodations in the 2017 NAEP Grade 8 Mathematics assessment to enhance educational equity. Analyzing NAEP process data through an XGBoost model, we examined if early interactions with assessment items could predict students' likelihood of requiring ET by identifying those who received…
Descriptors: Identification, Testing Accommodations, National Competency Tests, Equal Education
Blair Lehman; Jesse R. Sparks; Jonathan Steinberg – ETS Research Report Series, 2024
Over the last 20 years, many methods have been proposed to use process data (e.g., response time) to detect changes in engagement during the test-taking process. However, many of these methods were developed and evaluated in highly similar testing contexts: 30 or more single-select multiple-choice items presented in a linear, fixed sequence in…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Secondary School Mathematics, Secondary School Students, Mathematics Tests
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2025
Also known as The Nation's Report Card, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment of student achievement and their learning experiences in various subjects for the nation, states, and 27 urban districts. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is currently…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Innovation, Futures (of Society), Achievement Tests
Direct linkXin Wei – Grantee Submission, 2025
This study investigates the time-use patterns of students with learning disabilities during digital mathematics assessments and explores the role of extended time accommodations (ETA) in shaping these patterns. Using latent profile analysis, four distinct time-use profiles were identified separately for students with and without ETA. "Initial…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Mathematics Tests, Students with Disabilities, Testing Accommodations
Congning Ni; Bhashithe Abeysinghe; Juanita Hicks – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2025
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), often referred to as The Nation's Report Card, offers a window into the state of U.S. K-12 education system. Since 2017, NAEP has transitioned to digital assessments, opening new research opportunities that were previously impossible. Process data tracks students' interactions with the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Multiple Choice Tests, Behavior Change, National Competency Tests
Xin Wei – Educational Researcher, 2024
This study investigates the relationship between text-to-speech (TTS) usage and item-by-item performance in the 2017 eighth-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math assessment, focusing on students with disabilities (SWDs), English language learners (ELLs), and their general education (GE) peers. Results indicate that all…
Descriptors: Assistive Technology, Students with Disabilities, English Language Learners, Regular and Special Education Relationship
