Debugging (or troubleshooting) provides a rich context to foster problem-solving. Yet, while we know much about some problems and strategies that novices face in programming on-screen, we know far less about debugging and troubleshooting in the context of physical computing, where coding issues may overlap with materially embedded problems. In…

The objective of this research is to investigate how AI-improved dynamic physical education materials impact middle school education in physical settings. Utilizing a randomized controlled crossover approach, a 16-week study involved 120 students aged 12 to 18 to evaluate the impact of AI-enhanced physical education courses against traditional…

In addressing the challenge of fostering functional thinking (FT) in secondary school students, our research centered on the question of how an embodied design can enhance FT's different aspects, including input-output, covariation, and correspondence views. Drawing from embodied cognition theory and focusing on an action- and perception-based…

Many studies have recently focused on the importance of the effective integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in science education and the need for science teachers to receive adequate training and support to use them effectively. This paper aims to explore the Albanian science teachers' perceptions and use of ICTs in…

The shift to online learning management systems such as Canvas seemed to assume students would become more independent and self-regulated, yet little research has been conducted in this area, especially with school-age students. This study examined the ways middle school students engaged with an online learning management system (LMS) and their…