Cultural variations in affective experiences are observed. Research on positive affect with refined categorizations has been limited. This study examined the Affect Valuation Theory and its measure, the Affect Valuation Index (AVI), using a sample of high school students from rural China (N = 676, M[subscript age] = 16.17 years, SD = 0.94). The…

This paper reports on the process of developing an original framework for conceptualising and measuring language learner well-being within the context of heritage language (HL) learning. Drawing on a quantitative validation study with 545 young Chinese heritage language (CHL) learners, aged 7-18, in the UK, this paper presents an empirically…

To revise the Parental Autonomy Support Scale (PASS) and to validate its psychometric properties in Chinese college students, this study recruited 738 Chinese college students, with 72 of them retested four weeks later. The Parental Psychological Control Scale (PPCS) and the Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to evaluate the validity of the PASS.…

Fear of failure undermines students' learning and well-being. However, despite the prevalence of fear of failure, there is a lack of a measurement tool explicitly designed to assess the fear of failure in learning among Chinese students. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Chinese version of the Fear of Failure in Learning Scale (C-FOFLS).…

Socially regulated learning (SoRL) is a critical mechanism for enhancing the effectiveness of collaborative learning outcomes. Measurement of university students' engagement in SoRL is essential for refining the strategies aimed at improving its efficacy. Nonetheless, the measurement of university students' levels of engagement in SoRL remains…

Scholarly attention to foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) has surged in recent years. However, little is known about L2 learners' online FLLB experience prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. To fill this gap, the present mixed-methods study explores the conceptual structure and sources of FLLB in an online learning environment. A corpus of 348…

With the emerging trend of researching teacher identity from using qualitative approach to adopting quantitative or mixed-methods approach, it is essential and significant to develop instruments for measuring this construct. This paper reports on the development and validation of a measurement tool, the English Teacher Identity Measure (ETIM).…

The Digital Stress Scale (DSS) is used to measure digital stress, which is the perceived stress and anxiety associated with social media use. In this study, the Chinese version of the DSS was validated using a sample of 721 Chinese college students, 321 males and 400 females (KMO = 0.923; Bartlett = 5,058.492, p < 0.001). Confirmatory factor…

Globalization has led to a growing consensus on the significance of developing globally competent college graduates. However, the voice of students as key stakeholders has been largely neglected in the non-Anglophone contexts. The study examines students' perceptions of global competence as they live and experience international education by using…