Virtual reality (VR) is used across the educational spectrum (higher education, high school, primary school, and even pre-school); however, primary school teachers' perceptions of using VR in their classrooms require further research. A brief review of the literature of 100 existing articles related to teaching within the primary school context…

Extant literature has preliminarily confirmed the potential benefits of holographic projections for educational purposes. Yet, students' experiences of learning by holographic projection have rarely been addressed. The main purpose of this study was therefore to explore students' conceptions of and approaches to learning by holographic projection.…

The training of hostel service skills emphasizes the application of procedural knowledge and complex problem-solving skills, and with the development of education technology, game-based learning that mixes virtual reality (VR) and physical games has begun to be emphasized. In this study, we proposed a multi-dimensional scaffolding design framework…

One issue facing teachers who implement model-based instruction within the school system is the tight curricular schedule. The 'lesson objective tension' calls for investigations to address instructional issues such as how to organise modelling-based instruction at the curriculum level which is across multiple units. We investigated the effect of…

Virtual Reality (VR) has been widely adopted in educational research; however, its implementation in the classroom is still not as well known as in the research field. In other words, there is a gap between researchers and practitioners regarding the pedagogical issue. This study aimed to explore how VR could be applied in science classrooms using…

The integration of augmented reality (AR) and game-based learning could increase interaction in educational games and provide more learning guidance in higher education courses. This study developed an AR educational board game that featured cognitive scaffolding, immediate feedback, and collaborative interaction. The study also analyzed and…

In the post-COVID-19 era, information education with highly interactive teaching methods has become increasingly common. In particular, the metaverse and virtual reality (VR) technology can be used in novel learning methods to leverage the intuitiveness, immersivity, and interactivity of VR. For example, students could use VR to simulate…

This study developed a VR-based mobile learning system to simulate the natural environment of a geopark for university students to learn geological knowledge. This learning method used a Google cardboard equipped with smartphones, where students can watch stereoscopic scenes and experience virtual environments as if visiting the geopark. In order…

This research examined the possibility of using Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Total Physical Response (TPR) as a new method of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. This study sought to explore the potential benefits of this integration of methodologies in order to facilitate…

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of employing an augmented reality (AR) lens imaging system on inquiry-based learning concerning junior high school students' science achievement, science learning motivation, and inquiry skills. For this purpose, an AR lens imaging learning system was developed specifically for the lens imaging…

Engineering drawing is valuable in capturing geometric features, conveying engineering ideas, and creating a blueprint of the intended product. Engineering students usually perform orthographic projections, imagining a 3D situation and sketching its 2D representation. That requires imagination and mental visualization, determined by the learner's…

A review of the literature shows that much academic effort has been expended studying information system usage and information technology adoption. However, these theories/models based on psychological research are not specific to the virtual reality context and may not fully capture the nature of virtual reality-based learning system (VR-BLS)…

This study developed a wearable mixed reality (MR)-based mobile learning system and applied it to museum learning activities to explore whether the proposed system can effectively improve university students' learning outcomes, situational interest, and cognitive load. Four museums were selected as the informal learning sites, and 64 university…

As big data and artificial intelligence become integral to business decision-making, business management students require proficiency in data science and big data. However, the use of instructional technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and mind mapping to teach these subjects is limited. This study introduces an innovative pedagogical model…

Occupational safety and health education is usually lecture-based, and students generally have limited retention. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) facilitates students to learn and explore more actively in safe environments. However, learning with the aid of IVR may not guarantee better learning achievement, practical skills, and positive…