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Bernard J. Koch; Tim Sainburg; Pablo Geraldo Bastías; Song Jiang; Yizhou Sun; Jacob G. Foster – Sociological Methods & Research, 2025
This primer systematizes the emerging literature on causal inference using deep neural networks under the potential outcomes framework. It provides an intuitive introduction to building and optimizing custom deep learning models and shows how to adapt them to estimate/predict heterogeneous treatment effects. It also discusses ongoing work to…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Statistical Inference, Causal Models, Social Science Research
Simon Grennan; Miranda Matthews; Claire Penketh; Carol Wild – International Journal of Art & Design Education, 2024
This paper, a conversation between Simon Grennan, Carol Wild, Miranda Matthews and Claire Penketh, explores drawing as cause and consequence, applying Grennan's thinking to three drawings as a means of exploring and exemplifying ideas discussed in his keynote at the iJADE Conference: Time in 2023. Following an initial introduction to key ideas…
Descriptors: Freehand Drawing, Time, Causal Models, Student Attitudes
Philip Dawid; Macartan Humphreys; Monica Musio – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Suppose "X" and "Y" are binary exposure and outcome variables, and we have full knowledge of the distribution of "Y," given application of "X." We are interested in assessing whether an outcome in some case is due to the exposure. This "probability of causation" is of interest in comparative…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Intervals, Probability, Qualitative Research
Kylie Anglin; Qing Liu; Vivian C. Wong – Asia Pacific Education Review, 2024
Given decision-makers often prioritize causal research that identifies the impact of treatments on the people they serve, a key question in education research is, "Does it work?". Today, however, researchers are paying increasing attention to successive questions that are equally important from a practical standpoint--not only does it…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Program Evaluation, Validity, Classification
Sarah Narvaiz; Qinyun Lin; Joshua M. Rosenberg; Kenneth A. Frank; Spiro J. Maroulis; Wei Wang; Ran Xu – Grantee Submission, 2024
Sensitivity analysis, a statistical method crucial for validating inferences across disciplines, quantifies the conditions that could alter conclusions (Razavi et al., 2021). One line of work is rooted in linear models and foregrounds the sensitivity of inferences to the strength of omitted variables (Cinelli & Hazlett, 2019; Frank, 2000). A…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Computer Software, Robustness (Statistics), Statistical Inference
Carlos Cinelli; Andrew Forney; Judea Pearl – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Many students of statistics and econometrics express frustration with the way a problem known as "bad control" is treated in the traditional literature. The issue arises when the addition of a variable to a regression equation produces an unintended discrepancy between the regression coefficient and the effect that the coefficient is…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Robustness (Statistics), Error of Measurement, Testing Problems
Heather C. Hill; Zid Mancenido; Susanna Loeb – Educational Researcher, 2024
Causal evaluations in teacher education are rare. Underlying reasons include a lack of clearly defined treatments, a lack of research designs that can work in the context of teacher education programs, and a lack of resources for enacting these designs. This article provides a framework for how to fill these gaps. We first propose an approach to…
Descriptors: Teacher Education, Teacher Researchers, Educational Research, Research Needs
Jie Fang; Zhonglin Wen; Kit-Tai Hau – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
Currently, dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) and residual DSEM (RDSEM) are commonly used in testing intensive longitudinal data (ILD). Researchers are interested in ILD mediation models, but their analyses are challenging. The present paper mathematically derived, empirically compared, and step-by-step demonstrated three types (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Mediation Theory, Data Analysis, Longitudinal Studies
Garret J. Hall; Sophia Putzeys; Thomas R. Kratochwill; Joel R. Levin – Educational Psychology Review, 2024
Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) have a long history in clinical and educational disciplines. One underdeveloped area in advancing SCED design and analysis is understanding the process of how internal validity threats and operational concerns are avoided or mitigated. Two strategies to ameliorate such issues in SCED involve replication and…
Descriptors: Research Design, Graphs, Case Studies, Validity
Youmi Suk – Asia Pacific Education Review, 2024
Regression discontinuity (RD) designs have gained significant popularity as a quasi-experimental device for evaluating education programs and policies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of RD designs, focusing on the continuity-based framework, the most widely adopted RD framework. We first review the fundamental aspects of RD…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Preschool Education, Regression (Statistics), Test Validity
Heining Cham; Hyunjung Lee; Igor Migunov – Asia Pacific Education Review, 2024
The randomized control trial (RCT) is the primary experimental design in education research due to its strong internal validity for causal inference. However, in situations where RCTs are not feasible or ethical, quasi-experiments are alternatives to establish causal inference. This paper serves as an introduction to several quasi-experimental…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Educational Research, Quasiexperimental Design, Research Design
Nicholas D. Myers; Ahnalee M. Brincks; Seungmin Lee – Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2025
Physical activity (PA) promotion is an ideal intervention target for public health because it has the potential to help individuals feel better, sleep better, and perform daily tasks more easily, in addition to providing disease prevention benefits. There is strong evidence that individual-level theory-based behavioral interventions are effective…
Descriptors: Physical Activity Level, Intervention, Program Effectiveness, Adults
Gabriele Morganti; Alexandra Lascu; Gennaro Apollaro; Laura Pantanella; Mario Esposito; Alberto Grossi; Bruno Ruscello – Sport, Education and Society, 2024
Talent identification and development systems (TIDS) adopt a deterministic perspective (i.e. athletes' future state/performances can be predicted by observations of their initial state/performance), which encourages early identification and specialisation in sport. In this framework, the main aim of sport systems is to enhance predictability and…
Descriptors: Talent Identification, Talent Development, Athletics, Athletes
Barry Down; Anna Sullivan; Neil Tippett; Bruce Johnson; Jamie Manolev; Janean Robinson – Critical Studies in Education, 2024
This article reports on a critical policy analysis of discourses related to school exclusions. The management of problematic student behaviour is one of the intractable problems facing education systems today. Despite being ineffective, school suspensions and exclusions are commonly used in many countries as a discipline strategy to manage student…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Policy Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Discipline Policy
Mahmoud M. S. Abdallah – Online Submission, 2025
This guide offers a comprehensive handbook to scientific research methodology and experimental design, specifically for novice MA and PhD researchers in Education and Language Learning (TESOL/TEFL). It establishes scientific research as a systematic, objective inquiry focused on identifying cause-and-effect relationships through empirical data.…
Descriptors: Scientific Research, Research Methodology, Research Design, Second Language Learning
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