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Christine Coughlin; Athula Pudhiyidath; Hannah E. Roome; Nicole L. Varga; Kim V. Nguyen; Alison R. Preston – Developmental Science, 2024
Adults remember items with shared contexts as occurring closer in time to one another than those associated with different contexts, even when their objective temporal distance is fixed. Such temporal memory biases are thought to reflect within-event integration and between-event differentiation processes that organize events according to their…
Descriptors: Memory, Children, Adults, Age Differences
Jamie Amemiya; Gail D. Heyman; Caren M. Walker – Developmental Science, 2024
When making inferences about the mental lives of others (e.g., others' preferences), it is critical to consider the extent to which the choices we observe are constrained. Prior research on the development of this tendency indicates a contradictory pattern: Children show remarkable sensitivity to constraints in traditional experimental paradigms,…
Descriptors: Children, Barriers, Power Structure, Childrens Attitudes
Ruggeri, Azzurra; Stanciu, Oana; Pelz, Madeline; Gopnik, Alison; Schulz, Eric – Developmental Science, 2024
What drives children to explore and learn when external rewards are uncertain or absent? Across three studies, we tested whether information gain itself acts as an internal reward and suffices to motivate children's actions. We measured 24-56-month-olds' persistence in a game where they had to search for an object (animal or toy), which they never…
Descriptors: Young Children, Child Behavior, Information Seeking, Persistence
Lilja K. Jónsdóttir; Tommie Forslund; Matilda A. Frick; Andreas Frick; Emma J. Heeman; Karin C. Brocki – Developmental Science, 2024
Previous research and theory indicate an importance of the quality of the early caregiving environment in the development of self-regulation. However, it is unclear how attachment security and maternal sensitivity, two related but distinct aspects of the early caregiving environment, may differentially predict self-regulation at school start and…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Young Children, Child Care, Early Experience
Stefan Vermeent; Ethan S. Young; Meriah L. DeJoseph; Anna-Lena Schubert; Willem E. Frankenhuis – Developmental Science, 2024
Childhood adversity can lead to cognitive deficits or enhancements, depending on many factors. Though progress has been made, two challenges prevent us from integrating and better understanding these patterns. First, studies commonly use and interpret raw performance differences, such as response times, which conflate different stages of cognitive…
Descriptors: Early Experience, Trauma, Cognitive Processes, Children
Sarah Berger; Laura J. Batterink – Developmental Science, 2024
Children achieve better long-term language outcomes than adults. However, it remains unclear whether children actually learn language "more quickly" than adults during real-time exposure to input--indicative of true superior language learning abilities--or whether this advantage stems from other factors. To examine this issue, we…
Descriptors: Child Language, Language Acquisition, Learning Processes, Language Skills
Ye Xie; Hyesang Chang; Yi Zhang; Chunjie Wang; Yuan Zhang; Lang Chen; Fengji Geng; Yixuan Ku; Vinod Menon; Feiyan Chen – Developmental Science, 2024
Abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) is a widely used educational tool for enhancing math learning, offering an accessible and cost-effective method for classroom implementation. Despite its universal appeal, the neurocognitive mechanisms that drive the efficacy of AMC training remain poorly understood. Notably, although abacus training relies…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 2, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Predictor Variables
Yuewen Zhang; Zhenhong Wang – Developmental Science, 2024
Intra-individual response time variability (IIRTV) during cognitive performance is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of attentional control (AC) and related brain region function. However, what determinants contribute to preschoolers' IIRTV received little attention. The present study explored the interaction of dopaminergic…
Descriptors: Genetics, Parent Child Relationship, Reaction Time, Attention Control