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Direct linkBruno Arpino; Silvia Bacci; Leonardo Grilli; Raffaele Guetto; Carla Rampichini – Evaluation Review, 2025
We consider estimating the effect of a treatment on a given outcome measured on subjects tested both before and after treatment assignment in observational studies. A vast literature compares the competing approaches of modelling the post-test score conditionally on the pre-test score versus modelling the difference, namely, the gain score. Our…
Descriptors: Scores, Pretesting, Conditioning, Achievement Gains
Sarah E. Robertson; Jon A. Steingrimsson; Issa J. Dahabreh – Evaluation Review, 2024
When planning a cluster randomized trial, evaluators often have access to an enumerated cohort representing the target population of clusters. Practicalities of conducting the trial, such as the need to oversample clusters with certain characteristics in order to improve trial economy or support inferences about subgroups of clusters, may preclude…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Generalization, Inferences, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
