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Classroom Environment and Willingness to Communicate in English: The Mediating Role of Emotions Experienced by University Students in China
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Chengchen Li; Jean-Marc Dewaele; Miroslaw Pawlak; Mariusz Kruk – Language Teaching Research, 2025
The present study examines the direct and indirect relationships between classroom environment (CE), L2 (second/foreign language) learner emotions (i.e. enjoyment, anxiety and boredom), and their willingness to communicate (WTC) in classes for English as a foreign language (EFL). Participants were 2,268 university students in China. Pearson…
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, Classroom Environment, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Learner Spoken Output and Teacher Response in Second versus Foreign Language Classrooms
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Eva Thue Vold – Language Teaching Research, 2025
It is commonly agreed that learner target language output and spoken interaction are essential to communicative language learning. This video-based classroom observation study of five lower secondary schools in Norway investigated how second language (L2) English and third language (L3) French teachers responded to their students when they spoke…
Descriptors: French, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction