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Theorizing Agency from a Complex Dynamic Systems Theory Perspective: Evidence from Language Learner Narratives in Online Shadow Education
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Kevin Wai Ho Yung – Modern Language Journal, 2025
The recent dynamic turn in second language acquisition research has called for an investigation in learner agency by taking its complex dynamic nature into account. Informed by complex dynamic systems theory (CDST), this study investigated the agency of learners in a complex educational context where mainstream schooling and private tutoring…
Descriptors: Systems Approach, Electronic Learning, Online Courses, Tutoring