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Xin Liu; Benjamin Becker; Ya Jie Wang; Ying Mei; Haoran Dou; Yi Lei – npj Science of Learning, 2025
This study investigates crossmodal fear generalization, testing whether conditioned fear spreads between different sensory modalities. Participants in the unimodal group were presented with visual stimuli--images of a sparrow (CS+) and a laptop (CS-)--while the crossmodal group received auditory stimuli--sparrow calls (CS+) and keyboard typing…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Sensory Experience, Visual Stimuli
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Jiaqi Yin; Haoxin Xu; Yafeng Pan; Yi Hu – npj Science of Learning, 2025
Artificial intelligence (AI) driven chatbots provide instant feedback to support learning. Yet, the impacts of different feedback types on behavior and brain activation remain underexplored. We investigated how metacognitive, affective, and neutral feedback from an educational chatbot affected learning outcomes and brain activity using functional…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Artificial Intelligence, Technology Uses in Education, Computer Mediated Communication