Mastering the phonological aspects of a second language (L2) poses significant challenges for adult learners, often affecting their intelligibility in acquiring that language (Derwing, Munro, & Wiebe, 1998). McAllister (1997) has highlighted L2 learners' struggles in perceiving and producing novel segmental features, which is corroborated by…

This article explores the evolving role of technology in nonformal and informal adult learning settings, guided by the theory of connectivism. It examines how digital platforms, artificial intelligence (AI), and other technological advancements enhance the accessibility, personalization, and efficiency of adult learning. The various educational…