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Betül Baldan Babayigit; Ellen Boeren; Sharon Clancy; Zyra Evangelista; John Holford; Queralt Capsada-Munsech – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2025
This paper investigates the methodological discrepancies underlying the measurement of adult learning and education (ALE) participation in the UK by focusing on four major surveys -- APiL, PIAAC, AES, and LFS. Grounded in the Total Survey Error (TSE) framework, we systematically examined the surveys' documentation and compared their definitions,…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Adult Education, Student Participation, Foreign Countries