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Andreas B. Eder; Vanessa Mitschke – npj Science of Learning, 2025
This study investigated outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) in fight-or-flight decision making. Participants learned to attack or retreat from monsters (instrumental phase) and to associate environments with specific monsters without responding (Pavlovian phase). In the transfer phase, they chose responses to unseen monsters…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Emotional Response, Decision Making, Stimuli
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Maria Adriana Neroni; Nathan Crilly; Maria Antonella Brandimonte – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2024
When faced with the need to transform an object, idea, or situation, people have a tendency to favor adding new components rather than removing existing ones. This is called the "additive bias." Previous research, along with historical and anecdotal examples, shows that this bias may significantly reduce problem-solving abilities and…
Descriptors: Association Measures, Associative Learning, Bias, Problem Solving