This study examined whether answering focused explanative questions during pauses in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) lesson on pipetting procedures could enhance learning. The goal was to take a generative learning activity, known to be effective for declarative knowledge with conventional media, to the context of procedural knowledge with…

Scrolling is a widely used mean to interact with visual displays, usually to move content to a certain target location on the display. Understanding how user scroll might identify potentially suboptimal use and allows to infer users' intentions. In the present study, we examined where users click on a scrollbar depending on the intended scrolling…

While the right usage of technology brings a plethora of benefits, misusing technological devices and the Internet in an educational context can manifest in different behavioral tendencies. This ranges from growing addiction to technology and cyberbullying to technological anxiety and technostress. Yet, the effects of cyberloafing on students'…

This study explores the use of virtual worlds, specifically Minecraft, on sustainability education and cognitive skills. Using the Teaching to Inspire model as a lens, we examine how students design sustainable virtual buildings and cityscapes aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the social-ecological systems (SES) framework. Our…

Virtual reality learning environment (VRLE), which allow students to transcend time and space and provide them with a sense of immersion, is becoming more common in education. Although many studies have explored the effects of VRLE on learners' learning outcomes as well as learning experiences, the results of these studies indicate that the…

With the increased sophistication of technology, humans have the possibility to offload a variety of tasks to algorithms. Here, we investigated whether the extent to which people are willing to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is modulated by the availability of a bonus task and by the knowledge about the algorithm's…

Previous studies have pointed out that leisure motivational interference was an important factor affecting students' learning satisfaction. This study concentrates on three unexplored areas in the current literature on leisure motivational interference and learning satisfaction. Specifically, it is the first to (a) focus on the effects of digital…

Background: Computer-mediated writing classes have experienced a significant increase in popularity in recent years, serving as an effective modality for enhancing writing skills within an online framework. Objectives: This study seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the effectiveness of cognitive, social, and group-awareness…

In this brief, authors Namsoo Shin, Kevin Haudek, and Joseph Krajcik explore how artificial intelligence (AI) can serve as a transformative learning partner in K-12 STEM education. They describe theoretical foundations of using AI in STEM education and the importance of fostering an integrated understanding of STEM content. The brief examines AI's…

The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) was conducted in paper and online reading modes in 2016 using the same samples of students in a number of countries. Differences in reading literacy scores were found in several European countries. In some countries, the differences favored the electronic reading mode. Yet in others, the…

Traditional rote learning methods often fail to adequately develop reasoning skills in mathematics, particularly among pre-university students. This study addresses challenges in fostering mathematical reasoning abilities, as evidenced by declining TIMSS results and resistance to pedagogical innovations. My online teaching with GeoGebra (MyOT_G+)…

Urban and rural children have different levels of performance in arithmetic processing. This study investigated whether such a residence difference can be explained by phonological processing. A total of 1,501 Chinese primary school students from urban and rural areas were recruited to complete nine cognitive tasks: two in arithmetic performance…

This mixed methods study explores EFL students' experiences and perceptions as they learn to write a composition with ChatGPT's support in a classroom instructional context. Students' perceptions are explored in terms of their motivation to learn about ChatGPT, cognitive load and satisfaction with the learning process. In a workshop format,…

These proceedings contain the papers of the 21st International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2024), held in Zagreb, Croatia, from 26 to 28 October 2024 and organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS). The CELDA conference aims to address the main issues…

Background: During digital reading on internet-connected devices, students may be exposed to a variety of on-screen distractions. Learning by reading can therefore become a fragmented experience with potentially negative consequences for reading processes and outcomes. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of on-screen distractions, as…