The rise of the digital era has led to a decline in handwriting as the primary mode of communication, resulting in negative effects on handwriting literacy, particularly in complex writing systems such as Chinese. The marginalization of handwriting has contributed to the deterioration of penmanship, defined as the ability to write aesthetically…

Background: Automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems, used as formative assessment tools in writing classrooms, are promising for enhancing instruction and improving student performance. Although meta-analytic evidence supports AWE's effectiveness in various contexts, research on its effectiveness in the U.S. K-12 setting has lagged behind its…

In recent years, language practitioners have paid increasing attention to artificial intelligence (AI)'s role in language programs. This study investigated the impact of AI-assisted language assessment on L2 learners' foreign language anxiety (FLA), attitudes, motivation, and writing skills. The study adopted a sequential exploratory mixed-methods…

This study inspected how techno-competence in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven evaluations affected EFL learners' boredom, self-esteem, and writing skills. To do so, 66 Saudi Arabian male students from Saudi Arabia participated in the study. They were then split into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). While the CG was…

With over one million emergent bilinguals enrolled in Texas public schools, a call to action and a review of high-stakes online assessment policy for this student population is essential to achieve equity in education. The purpose of this phenomenological study aimed to explore teachers' perceptions of high-stakes online TELPAS testing and digital…