Architectural design representations comprise physical (models, drawings) and digital media (3D models). Multimodal combinations of physical and digital representations are commonplace in professional contexts such as design reviews or building sites, and 'making sense' of these assemblies requires complex socio-cognitive processes and…

Design education embodies distinctive pedagogical practices rooted in experiential learning, frequent interactions between students and instructors, reflective dialogues through project deliverables, and enculturation through activities and encounters facilitated by a physical studio setting. Contrasting the traditional lecture-based format, the…

Recent advancements in technology have revolutionized various fields, including architecture education. However, studies exploring immersive realities in architectural design studios remain limited. This research addresses this gap by conducting a pilot study at the Architectural Engineering Intermediate Design Studio, which thoroughly explores…

The COVID-19 pandemic has further compounded the inherent complexities of design pedagogy. At the same time, offering an online teaching method made it imperative to incorporate the pandemic's implications in the design process upon experiencing its adverse impacts. This study investigates landscape architecture students' design approaches and…