We present a bias-adjusted three-step estimation approach for multilevel latent class models (LC) with covariates. The proposed approach involves (1) fitting a single-level measurement model while ignoring the multilevel structure, (2) assigning units to latent classes, and (3) fitting the multilevel model with the covariates while controlling for…

While significant attention has been given to test equating to ensure score comparability, limited research has explored equating methods for rater-mediated assessments, where human raters inherently introduce error. If not properly addressed, these errors can undermine score interchangeability and test validity. This study proposes an equating…

Background: Education scientists are increasingly interested in constructing interventions that are adaptive over time to suit the evolving needs of students, classrooms, or schools. Such "adaptive interventions" (also referred to as dynamic treatment regimens or dynamic instructional regimes) determine which treatment should be offered…

The recently proposed "continuous-time latent curve model with structured residuals" (CT-LCM-SR) addresses several challenges associated with longitudinal data analysis in the behavioral sciences. First, it provides information about process trends and dynamics. Second, using the continuous-time framework, the CT-LCM-SR can handle…

The Q-matrix played a key role in implementations of diagnostic classification models (DCMs) or cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) -- a family of psychometric models that are gaining attention in providing diagnostic information on students' mastery of cognitive attributes or skills. Using two Monte Carlo simulation studies, this dissertation…