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Direct linkManoj Kumar – Contemporary Education Dialogue, 2024
In the immediate aftermath of Indian Independence in 1947, there was a palpable attempt to replace English with Hindi and other Indian languages to unleash the processes of decolonisation. English was castigated as the language of the British Empire and was seen to be the basis of power and privilege for a handful of English-educated elites. A new…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Official Languages, Indians, Indo European Languages
Ee-Ling Low – TESOL Journal, 2025
Singapore is an ethnically, linguistically, and culturally diverse nation-state that has always practiced deliberate language policy and planning. The bilingual education policy, introduced shortly after the young nation's independence has led to the emergence of English-knowing bilinguals who are proficient in both English and their ethnically…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Bilingualism
