Based on the instructional interaction principles outlined by Chen and Wang (2016) in third-generation distance learning, this study employs a recursive logical perspective on the evolution of the theory of interaction in distance education. It constructs a structural equation model to measure the mediating utility path of the learner's proactive…

Children and even infants have clear intuitions about power early in development; they can infer who is dominant and subordinate from observing a single interaction. However, it is unclear what children infer about each individual's status from these interactions--do they think dominants and subordinates will maintain their status when interacting…