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Sohee Kim; Ki Lynn Cole – International Journal of Testing, 2025
This study conducted a comprehensive comparison of Item Response Theory (IRT) linking methods applied to a bifactor model, examining their performance on both multiple choice (MC) and mixed format tests within the common item nonequivalent group design framework. Four distinct multidimensional IRT linking approaches were explored, consisting of…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Comparative Analysis, Models, Item Analysis
Jianbin Fu; Xuan Tan; Patrick C. Kyllonen – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2024
This paper presents the item and test information functions of the Rank two-parameter logistic models (Rank-2PLM) for items with two (pair) and three (triplet) statements in forced-choice questionnaires. The Rank-2PLM model for pairs is the MUPP-2PLM (Multi-Unidimensional Pairwise Preference) and, for triplets, is the Triplet-2PLM. Fisher's…
Descriptors: Questionnaires, Test Items, Item Response Theory, Models
Uk Hyun Cho – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The present study investigates the influence of multidimensionality on linking and equating in a unidimensional IRT. Two hypothetical multidimensional scenarios are explored under a nonequivalent group common-item equating design. The first scenario examines test forms designed to measure multiple constructs, while the second scenario examines a…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Classification, Correlation, Test Format
Monica Casella; Pasquale Dolce; Michela Ponticorvo; Nicola Milano; Davide Marocco – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2024
Short-form development is an important topic in psychometric research, which requires researchers to face methodological choices at different steps. The statistical techniques traditionally used for shortening tests, which belong to the so-called exploratory model, make assumptions not always verified in psychological data. This article proposes a…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Test Construction, Test Format, Psychometrics
Nana Kim; Daniel M. Bolt – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2024
Some previous studies suggest that response times (RTs) on rating scale items can be informative about the content trait, but a more recent study suggests they may also be reflective of response styles. The latter result raises questions about the possible consideration of RTs for content trait estimation, as response styles are generally viewed…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Reaction Time, Response Style (Tests), Psychometrics
Chunyan Liu; Raja Subhiyah; Richard A. Feinberg – Applied Measurement in Education, 2024
Mixed-format tests that include both multiple-choice (MC) and constructed-response (CR) items have become widely used in many large-scale assessments. When an item response theory (IRT) model is used to score a mixed-format test, the unidimensionality assumption may be violated if the CR items measure a different construct from that measured by MC…
Descriptors: Test Format, Response Style (Tests), Multiple Choice Tests, Item Response Theory
Jianbin Fu; Patrick C. Kyllonen; Xuan Tan – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2024
Users of forced-choice questionnaires (FCQs) to measure personality commonly assume statement parameter invariance across contexts -- between Likert and forced-choice (FC) items and between different FC items that share a common statement. In this paper, an empirical study was designed to check these two assumptions for an FCQ assessment measuring…
Descriptors: Measurement Techniques, Questionnaires, Personality Measures, Interpersonal Competence
Xueliang Chen; Vahid Aryadoust; Wenxin Zhang – Language Testing, 2025
The growing diversity among test takers in second or foreign language (L2) assessments makes the importance of fairness front and center. This systematic review aimed to examine how fairness in L2 assessments was evaluated through differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. A total of 83 articles from 27 journals were included in a systematic…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, Test Items, Item Analysis
Cornelia Eva Neuert – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
The quality of data in surveys is affected by response burden and questionnaire length. With an increasing number of questions, respondents can become bored, tired, and annoyed and may take shortcuts to reduce the effort needed to complete the survey. In this article, direct evidence is presented on how the position of items within a web…
Descriptors: Online Surveys, Test Items, Test Format, Test Construction
Zeynep Uzun; Tuncay Ögretmen – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
This study aimed to evaluate the item model fit by equating the forms of the PISA 2018 mathematics subtest with concurrent common items equating in samples from Türkiye, the UK, and Italy. The answers given in mathematics subtest Forms 2, 8, and 12 were used in this context. Analyzes were performed using the Dichotomous Rasch Model in the WINSTEPS…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Items, Foreign Countries, Mathematics Tests
Yang Du; Susu Zhang – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2025
Item compromise has long posed challenges in educational measurement, jeopardizing both test validity and test security of continuous tests. Detecting compromised items is therefore crucial to address this concern. The present literature on compromised item detection reveals two notable gaps: First, the majority of existing methods are based upon…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Item Analysis, Bayesian Statistics, Educational Assessment
Shaojie Wang; Won-Chan Lee; Minqiang Zhang; Lixin Yuan – Applied Measurement in Education, 2024
To reduce the impact of parameter estimation errors on IRT linking results, recent work introduced two information-weighted characteristic curve methods for dichotomous items. These two methods showed outstanding performance in both simulation and pseudo-form pseudo-group analysis. The current study expands upon the concept of information…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Format, Test Length, Error of Measurement
Wim J. van der Linden; Luping Niu; Seung W. Choi – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2024
A test battery with two different levels of adaptation is presented: a within-subtest level for the selection of the items in the subtests and a between-subtest level to move from one subtest to the next. The battery runs on a two-level model consisting of a regular response model for each of the subtests extended with a second level for the joint…
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Test Construction, Test Format, Test Reliability
Kyung-Mi O. – Language Testing in Asia, 2024
This study examines the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in creating parallel test items compared to human-made ones. Two test forms were developed: one consisting of 20 existing human-made items and another with 20 new items generated with ChatGPT assistance. Expert reviews confirmed the content parallelism of the two test forms.…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Software, Test Items
Mimi Ismail; Ahmed Al - Badri; Said Al - Senaidi – Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 2025
This study aimed to reveal the differences in individuals' abilities, their standard errors, and the psychometric properties of the test according to the two methods of applying the test (electronic and paper). The descriptive approach was used to achieve the study's objectives. The study sample consisted of 74 male and female students at the…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Psychometrics, Item Response Theory
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