Teaching requires attention to individual student needs by providing both adequate challenge and sufficient support to help students successfully gain academic skills (Shurr et al., 2019). The learning stages framework divides typical learning into four distinct stages: acquisition, fluency, maintenance, and generalization (Collins, 2012; Haring…

Teachers across the United States struggle with meeting students' needs in their classrooms amidst the growing diversity of children in their classrooms and the amplification of standardized testing. Time and again, teaching with the heart and action of inclusivity is placed on the back burner as teachers feel the pressure for students to perform…

Background: Recent research showed that cross-notation magnitude knowledge of fractions and decimals was related to better performance in fraction arithmetic, but it remains unclear whether it made an independent contribution to fraction arithmetic longitudinally when other cognitive variables are considered. Aims: To examine the extent to which…