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Direct linkSijia Huang; Dubravka Svetina Valdivia – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2024
Identifying items with differential item functioning (DIF) in an assessment is a crucial step for achieving equitable measurement. One critical issue that has not been fully addressed with existing studies is how DIF items can be detected when data are multilevel. In the present study, we introduced a Lord's Wald X[superscript 2] test-based…
Descriptors: Item Analysis, Item Response Theory, Algorithms, Accuracy
Lee LeBoeuf; Jacob Goldstein-Greenwood; Angeline S. Lillard – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Common methods of measuring discipline disproportionality can produce contradictory results and obscure base-rate information. In this paper, we show how using multilevel modeling to analyze discipline disparities resolves ambiguities inherent in traditional measures of disparities: relative rate ratios and risk differences. One previous study…
Descriptors: Discipline, Disproportionate Representation, Measurement Techniques, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
