Social media has been recognized as a promising online communication environment that supports self-directed informal learning activities outside educational institutions. Development of metacognition is necessary for self-directed learning. Nevertheless, most studies have focused on the use of social media for formal learning. To fill this gap,…

This study investigated students' flow states and attitudinal beliefs in a social media-mediated e-commerce entrepreneurship education (EE) context that mediates the entrepreneurial intention-behavior relationship by a structural equation model using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the flow theory. This study collected questionnaire data…

This study aims to compare the influence of learners' self-regulation and sense of presence on online learning. Due to the increasing influence of online learning, self-regulation has received considerable attention. However, it is also claimed that an increased sense of presence can enhance online learning effects. For comparison, a meta-analysis…

Prior research has documented that mindfulness is negatively associated with aggressive behaviors. Recently, studies have examined mediating psychological constructs that account for the relationships between mindfulness and cyberbullying perpetration. The purpose of the current study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between…

Artificial intelligence (AI) driven chatbots provide instant feedback to support learning. Yet, the impacts of different feedback types on behavior and brain activation remain underexplored. We investigated how metacognitive, affective, and neutral feedback from an educational chatbot affected learning outcomes and brain activity using functional…

This study assesses the impact of Moodle AI-powered chatbots and metacognitive teaching approaches on the academic performance of tertiary Business education students. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control design and Activity theory, 83 final-year Business education students were sampled from a total of 324. Data were collected…

With the growth of online programs in higher education, students are more likely to experience various barriers and challenges while taking online courses, such as social isolation, low motivation, distraction, and mental health issues. Mindfulness-informed pedagogy, such as contemplative pedagogy, showed its promise in decreasing students'…

Despite the fact that interaction with others (learners and instructors) impacts online learning engagement (OLE), it remains unclear how and when interaction relates to OLE. By integrating social-cognitive theory with ecological systems theory, we theorise a moderated mediation model that links interaction to OLE by exploring the effects of…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has heralded new paradigms for language learning, with conversational AI chatbots emerging as potent tools for fostering learner autonomy. Therefore, this article explores how conversational AI chatbots support and reinforce Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) in language acquisition. It…

Purpose: Digital technology's integration into education has transformed learning frameworks, necessitating the exploration of factors influencing students' engagement in digital informal settings. This study, grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), proposes a model comprising artificial intelligence (AI) competence, chatbot usage, perceived…

The ability to collaborate online is an essential skill that allows learners to bring together diverse perspectives to deepen understanding regardless of physical location. As online learning and hybrid workplaces have become more prevalent since the COVID-19 global pandemic, the critical nature of this skill has become particularly relevant for…

Text chat facilitates L2 use by providing learners with extended time to plan, monitor, and process production during interactional tasks. However, learners may not naturally take advantage of these affordances, especially for providing peer feedback. This study used video-enhanced chat scripts to examine the behavior of beginner L2 Spanish…

Intercultural competence (IC) is essential for fostering meaningful interactions and understanding in diverse environments, particularly in today's pluralistic societies. The impacts of both intercultural competence and incompetence are profound, shaping relationships and outcomes in various ways. Many definitions of IC emphasize being 'effective'…

Even though the importance of corrective feedback (CF) is widely recognized, there is no agreement on the most effective type of CF for promoting self-regulation. Thus, this study adopts a sociocultural perspective on learning and employs dynamic assessment (DA) as a CF form. DA is considered a theoretically promising approach to CF as it focuses…

Online education transforms many aspects of teaching and learning in higher education. International students studying abroad already face considerable stress and negative emotions, and the transition to online learning can further intensify their learning anxiety. This study systematically investigated the factors associated with international…