Causal evaluations in teacher education are rare. Underlying reasons include a lack of clearly defined treatments, a lack of research designs that can work in the context of teacher education programs, and a lack of resources for enacting these designs. This article provides a framework for how to fill these gaps. We first propose an approach to…

Background: Research on pedagogical models in physical education has exponentially increased over the last two decades [Casey, A., and D. Kirk. 2020. "Models-Based Practice in Physical Education." London: Routledge]. Moreover, several literature reviews on the effectiveness of the different pedagogical models have been conducted. Due to…