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Direct linkJaime León; Fernando Martínez-Abad – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
Background: Grade retention is an educational aspect that concerns teachers, families, and experts. It implies an economic cost for families, as well as a personal cost for the student, who is forced to study one more year. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of course repetition on math, science and reading competencies, and…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Academic Achievement, Scores, Foreign Countries
Daniel Kasper; Katrin Schulz-Heidorf; Knut Schwippert – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
In this article, we extend Liao's test for across-group comparisons of the fixed effects from the generalized linear model to the fixed and random effects of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Using as our basis the Wald statistic, we developed an asymptotic test statistic for across-group comparisons of these effects. The test can be…
Descriptors: Models, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
