The impact of text length on the estimation of lexical diversity has captured the attention of the scientific community for more than a century. Numerous indices have been proposed, and many studies have been conducted to evaluate them, but the problem remains. This methodological review provides a critical analysis not only of the most commonly…

Focusing efficiently on potential weaknesses in the validity argument of writing assessments--such as writing subjectivity, content coverage, criteria vagueness, and raters' incompetence--has been shown to positively enhance teachers' overall writing assessment competence (AC). In this study, we propose a computational bootstrapping model of…

The purpose of this article is to investigate how 5G and wireless communication technologies (5G+WCT) might be applied to English language classroom programs in higher education. The paper describes the complimentary roles of 5G and wireless communication technologies in English language teaching, includes student data collecting and…

Various studies have been conducted on applying intelligent recognition technology, especially speech recognition technology to improve English learning ability, mostly listening and speaking. However, few studies have touched on how image-to-text recognition technology can be used for writing. The present research was conducted to fill this gap…

The digital transformation in educational assessment has led to the proliferation of large-scale data, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance language learning, and testing through machine learning (ML) techniques. Drawing on the extensive data generated by online English language assessments, this dissertation investigates the efficacy…