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Yuxin Hao; Xun Duan; Sicong Zha; Tingting Xu – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2024
In the past, research on the cognitive neural mechanism of second language (L2) learners' processing time information has focused on Indo-European languages. It has also focused on the temporal category expressed by morphological changes. However, there has been a lack of research on L2 learners' various time coding means, especially for Mandarin,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Mandarin Chinese, Morphemes, Time
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Abdullah Alamer; Florian Schuberth; Jörg Henseler – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2024
Researchers in second language (L2) and education domain use different statistical methods to assess their constructs of interest. Many L2 constructs emerge from elements/parts, i.e., the elements "define" and "form" the construct and not the other way around. These constructs are referred to as emergent variables (also called…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Factor Structure, Second Language Learning, Language Research
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Nina Spada – Language Learning & Language Teaching, 2024
This volume presents the second edition of the "Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching (COLT) Observation Scheme." Since the book's original publication, COLT has become well established as a research instrument in L2 teaching and learning. This new edition brings COLT into the 21st century by introducing digital versions of the…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Web Based Instruction, Teaching Methods