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Extramural English in Scandinavia and Asia: Scale Development, Learner Engagement, and Perceived Speaking Ability
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Pia Sundqvist; M. Sercan Uztosun – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2024
This article comprises two international studies. Study 1 aimed to develop a scale to measure the frequency of learners' voluntary, informal, out-of-school engagement with English, so-called Extramural English (EE) activities. It involved three stages -- pilot study, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis -- followed by…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Informal Education
Stronger Teacher Expectation Effects on Foreign Language Learning: Student Perceptions of the Classroom Environment as Moderators
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Zheng Li; Christine Rubie-Davies; Zhuo Wu – Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal, 2024
This study investigated whether teacher expectation effects on students' foreign language learning would be moderated by students' perceptions of the classroom environment. The participants were 28 teachers and 1030 first-year undergraduate students learning English as a foreign language from public universities in China. Data for teacher…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Educational Environment, Student Attitudes, Student Leadership