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Direct linkSara Gable; Afiah Mohd Fozi – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2024
State Early Learning Standards (ELS) are multi-function tools that inform early childhood instruction and practices. Using an established framework of early numerical development, this study assessed the prevalence of number, number relations, and number operations indicators in ELS, specifically indicators of counting, numeral knowledge,…
Descriptors: State Standards, Early Childhood Education, Arithmetic, Number Concepts
Sheryl S. Lazarus; Martha L. Thurlow; Mari K. A. Quanbeck – Journal of Special Education, 2025
The 2015 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act placed a 1.0% cap on the participation of students with disabilities in the alternate assessment based on alternate academic achievement standards (AA-AAAS). U.S. Department of Education regulations clarified that states must develop participation guidelines and a definition of…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Alternative Assessment, Guidelines, State Standards
