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Aoqi Li; Johan Hulleman; Jeremy M. Wolfe – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
In any visual search task in the lab or in the world, observers will make errors. Those errors can be categorized as "deterministic": If you miss this target in this display once, you will definitely miss it again. Alternatively, errors can be "stochastic", occurring randomly with some probability from trial to trial.…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Visual Stimuli, Error Patterns, Probability
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Yiling Cheng; I-Chien Chen; Barbara Schneider; Mark Reckase; Joseph Krajcik – Applied Measurement in Education, 2024
The current study expands on previous research on gender differences and similarities in science test scores. Using three different approaches -- differential item functioning, differential distractor functioning, and decision tree analysis -- we examine a high school science assessment administered to 3,849 10th-12th graders, of whom 2,021 are…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Science Achievement, Responses, Testing