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Mo Zhang; Paul Deane; Andrew Hoang; Hongwen Guo; Chen Li – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2025
In this paper, we describe two empirical studies that demonstrate the application and modeling of keystroke logs in writing assessments. We illustrate two different approaches of modeling differences in writing processes: analysis of mean differences in handcrafted theory-driven features and use of large language models to identify stable personal…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Keyboarding (Data Entry), Writing Processes
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Hamdollah Ravand; Farshad Effatpanah; Wenchao Ma; Jimmy de la Torre; Purya Baghaei; Olga Kunina-Habenicht – Applied Measurement in Education, 2024
The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of interactions among second/foreign language (L2) writing subskills. Two types of relationships were investigated: subskill-item and subskill-subskill relationships. To achieve the first purpose, using writing data obtained from the writing essays of 500 English as a foreign language (EFL)…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Writing Instruction, Writing Skills, Writing Tests