The integration of innovative learning models is essential for preparing vocational high school (VHS) students with 21st-century skills. This study aimed to explore the need for a Problem-Based Flipped Learning (PBFL) model with a Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) approach tailored to the needs of vocational high school students.…

Problem-based learning (PBL) offers a powerful approach to engage students in meaningful learning experiences by connecting classroom content to real-world challenges. This Spotlight explores how PBL can be implemented across K-12 to foster critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. From preparing students for the workforce…

Education has undergone profound transformations with the addition of digital learning and educational technologies. Technology reshapes how knowledge is delivered, accessed, and engaged with, breaking down traditional barriers of time, location, and resource limitations. Innovations like online learning platforms, immersive simulations,…

These proceedings contain the papers of the 22nd International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2025), held in Porto, Portugal, from 1 to 3 November 2025 and organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS). [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]