Prisms VR, a secondary math learning application, allows for users to see, manipulate, and engage with mathematical concepts in an embodied way in Virtual Reality (VR) environment. We examine cases in which mathematics teachers and middle school students worked through Prisms and reflected upon their experiences. Findings indicate that VR…

Current efforts to prepare teachers for integrating computational thinking (CT) into disciplinary areas often do not ensure equitable CT experiences for students. This study examined teachers' CT integration by applying the Accessible Computational Thinking (ACT) Framework designed to align elementary science teachers' professional learning and…

Preparing preservice teachers (PSTs) to be able to notice, interpret, respond to and orchestrate student ideas--the core practices of responsive teaching--is a key goal for contemporary science and mathematics teacher education. This mixed-methods study, employing a virtual reality (VR)-supported simulation integrated with artificial intelligence…

To optimize learning experience and improve learning performance, current virtual experimental systems usually assist students with stepwise guidance before operations and feedback after them. However, stepwise and excessive guidance can lead to student overreliance, while late feedback cannot avoid potential errors during experimental learning.…

Pre-service teachers (PSTs) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) need extensive training, preparing them for challenges encountered in real classrooms. Such challenges include presenting the target content knowledge in front of the class and promptly responding to students' questions on the content. High-immersion virtual reality (VR) is…

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an AR application (Civilisations AR) on EFL learners' oral proficiency in the dimensions of content, fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, as well as their attitudes and perceptions toward AR technology. Design: Utilizing a quasi-experiment, twenty-four EFL learners engaged in a…

This study was conducted to optimize the designs of learning guides embedded in a computer-based simulation environment. The research was based on the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Cognitive Load Theory. We investigated computer simulations under four conditions that combined representation and imagination learning strategies. This…

Although the notion of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has been widely promoted in language classrooms, few empirical studies report how social media, such as Instagram, could be used as a virtual learning platform to engage students in learning how to communicate interculturally. Framed within the global Englishes (GE) concept as the…

This study investigates the influence of technological literacy in artificial intelligence (AI), augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), and mobile applications on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' engagement and motivation in technology-enhanced classrooms. A total of 357 Chinese EFL students participated in a survey-based quantitative…

The impact of global digitalization on religious attitudes and self-identification is profound. Since religious identity often serves as a fundamental component of national identity, examining the impact of the virtual environment on religiosity and self-identification is particularly relevant. This study aims to identify the key characteristics…

This study aims to create and validate an evaluation tool that assesses the learning effectiveness of extended reality applications (e.g., augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and the metaverse). Six research questions were formulated to guide this study. The Extended Reality in Education (XREd) questionnaire consists of 50-items…

This study investigated the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention with integrated Electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback (VR-EEG) in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learner proficiency compared to a traditional classroom setting. Learners (N = 60) were randomly assigned to either the VR-EEG group or the traditional…

Despite the growing interest in game-based learning (GBL) over the last two decades, the influence of Augmented Reality-based GBL on English vocabulary growth is still not well understood when compared with other forms of media, especially with regard to academic English vocabulary. This quasi-experimental study with 90 Chinese…

Speakers may resort to different inferences and expectations in intercultural encounters. These expectations are influenced by speakers' socialization processes in speech communities and networks, as well as by the local interactional demands and power dynamics in the communicative situation. While interactional sociolinguistic studies have…

Research has failed to clarify how nontraditional adult learners experience and perceive relationship abuse curriculum designed to teach the warning signs of unhealthy relationship behaviors and encourage bystander action. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of nontraditional…