The research study explored online language learners' self-directed language learning (SDLL) experiences, benefits, motivations, and challenges when employing educational tools like Duolingo in an out of classroom context. To gain insights into SDLL, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 10 Duolingo users were conducted. Study results…

Despite the influx of research examining various aspects of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) applications (apps) over the past two decades, there have been no head-to-head studies that have investigated the comparative effectiveness of different mobile apps. The current study addresses this gap by directly comparing two of the most…

Machine translation (MT) practice and activity development in education are possible when students with diverse backgrounds contribute to helping define how MT can best be used for language learning. This study employed a questionnaire based on an adapted version of the technology acceptance model (TAM) to gain perspective on the perceptions,…

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has gained increasing popularity among EFL learners as a CALL tool to improve vocabulary, and many learners have reported its helpfulness for vocabulary learning. However, while there has been some evidence suggesting NMT's facilitative role in improving learners' writing on the lexical level, no study has examined…

This paper proposes an updated framework for the evaluation of the computer-assisted language learning (CALL) framework, further developed from Chapelle (2001) and González-Lloret and Ortega (2014). Based on a review of prominent previous CALL evaluation frameworks, an exploration of relevant literature in formal evaluation and my own first-hand…

While the use of collaborative peer editing is widespread in some online learning contexts, little is known about how constituent editing behaviours impact student writing quality when using shared online documents as the mediating tool. Therefore, the present study (n = 176) examines the effects of English language learners' peer editing…

With the rise of augmented reality (AR) and context-aware ubiquitous learning (CAUL), pedagogical designers in computer assisted language learning are increasingly developing authentic English for Specific Purposes (ESP) learning environments. However, there has been little research regarding the development of evidence-based principles for…

To address the emerging trend of language learning with Artificial Intelligence (AI), this study explored junior and senior high school students' behavioral intentions to use AI in second language (L2) learning, and the roles of related technological, social, and motivational factors. An eight-factor survey was constructed using a 5-point Likert…

Adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Integrated Model of Technology Acceptance (IMTA) has been used to examine the perceptions and acceptance of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), such as online learning, mobile learning, and learning management systems. However, whether IMTA can be applied to empirical research on…