This paper examines how the English education system has attempted to react to the financial pressures caused by a rise in diagnoses of special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). In particular, it explores how a crisis in funding has led to government financial aid, known as safety valve agreements and this in turn has allowed new…

The U.S. Department of Education (Department) allocates funds to States through statutory formulas based primarily on census poverty estimates and the cost of education in each State. To receive funding, a State plan that includes a description of its accountability system must be submitted to the Department for review and approval. For the…

With a decade of experience in creating and running teacher residencies--numbering seven as of 2024--California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB) and its partners have developed strong residency structures that allow for the variations that different communities need. This report explores how successful residencies do their work and presents…