Background: In multimedia learning environments, pedagogical agents have emerged as an innovative tool to enhance digital instruction, yet optimising their design for maximal learning effectiveness remains underexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate how specific design elements of pedagogical agents, namely appearance and voice…

Background: Multimedia learning, encapsulating both visual and verbal information, has become pivotal in educational settings, with extensive research underscoring its influence. However, a notable research gap exists concerning the application and effectiveness of multimedia learning principles, precisely segmenting, pre-training and modality,…

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Web-based interactive (WBI) presentations in reducing students' cognitive load and increasing their situational interest in learning. Traditionally, many learning practices fail to optimize students' cognitive resources by presenting irrelevant content and activities. However, practical…

In the 21st century, virtual reality technology has developed rapidly, and many researchers are full of enthusiasm for this technology. More and more researchers are devoted to the field of scientific research and attach importance to virtual reality research. Development and application is a hot topic in today's world. Virtual reality has been…

This book explores the symbiotic relationship between human learning and machine learning, examining how emerging technologies and human-machine interfaces are reshaping the educational landscape. Organized into four sections with 20 chapters, it provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic intersection of these twin concepts. Bridging…